AGLC4 Rule 4.3: General Rules for Citing Secondary Sources: Short Title and Subsequent References

A secondary source may be given a short title for later references under rule 1.4.1, and ibid is used for these materials. The short title appears in quotation marks and brackets after the first citation, following any pinpoint, and keeps the italics of the full title. The full title is used on first mention in text and in the first footnote, and a short title first given in a footnote is repeated in the text when first used there.

AGLC4 page 89

Formatting

  • The short title is enclosed in single quotation marks inside round brackets, and is italic or roman as the full title is.
  • In a footnote it follows any pinpoint or parenthetical clause.
  • Ibid is used where rule 1.4.3 allows.
  • Later references give the short title, the cross reference as (n and the footnote number) and the pinpoint.
  • The first mention of the source in the text uses the full title.
  • The first footnote citation is always complete.
  • A short title that has appeared only in footnotes is introduced in the text when first used there.

Examples

Quoted from the Guide, page 89
  1. 27
    Investment and Enterprise Division, UNCTAD, Investor–State Dispute Settlement: Review of Developments in 2016 (IIA Issues Note No 1, 19 May 2017) 2 (‘ISDS 2016 Review’).
  2. 29
    ISDS 2016 Review (n 27) 4.
  3. 31
    ISDS 2016 Review (n 27) 3.

In the text

The damages sought ranged from USD10 million to USD16.5 billion.29

Quoted from the Guide, page 89

The potential financial consequences were outlined in Investor–State Dispute Settlement: Review of Developments in 2016 (‘ISDS 2016 Review’).31 [Not: … outlined in ISDS 2016 Review.]

Quoted from the Guide, page 89

Not

Quoted from the Guide, page 89
  • [Not: … outlined in ISDS 2016 Review.]
    the full title must be used when the source is first named in the text

Forms in the rule

Quoted from the Guide, page 89
  • The last 20 years has seen a steady increase in the number of Investor State Dispute Settlement (‘ISDS’) claims, with fewer than 10 being initiated in 1997 to 62 being initiated in 2016.27
  • The potential financial consequences were outlined in Investor–State Dispute Settlement: Review of Developments in 2016 (‘ISDS 2016 Review’).31

See also

Check your footnotes against these rules

Paste your paper into the free AGLC4 checker and each footnote is graded against the Guide, with the rule it breaks. To write a citation from scratch, use the AGLC4 citation generator.

AGLC4 citation checker AGLC4 citation generator

Formats, examples, passages, tables and the forms marked Not are quoted from the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th ed, Melbourne University Law Review Association, 2018), with the page of the Guide they appear on. Titles, summaries and explanations are our own.