AGLC4 Rule 1.4.1: Subsequent References: General Rule

Once cited in full, a source may be cited again in shortened form with a bracketed cross reference to the footnote holding the full citation. Cases and legislation use their short title; most secondary sources use the author's surname. Where the same author has several works cited, add the title or short title; where different authors share a surname, use full names; where there is no author, use the title or short title in the author's place.

AGLC4 page 9

Format

Quoted from the Guide, page 9
Author Surname (n Footnote Number) Pinpoint.
Short Title (n Footnote Number) Pinpoint.

A boxed element is filled in with the source's details; everything outside a box is written exactly as shown.

Formatting

  • Cross reference form: the short title or surname, one space, then "(n" plus the footnote number and a closing round bracket, one space, then the pinpoint, then a full stop.
  • "n" is lower case with no full stop, followed by one space and the footnote number.
  • No comma between the surname or short title and the bracket, and none between the bracket and the pinpoint.
  • Only the surname is given, without given names or initials, unless two cited authors share a surname, in which case each author's full name as it appears on the source is used.
  • A suffix such as Jr stays with the surname: Brennan Jr (n 94) 430.
  • Several works by one author: surname, comma, then the title (or its short title) in its original styling, then the cross reference: Rubenstein, ‘Meanings of Membership’ (n 58).
  • A short title keeps the styling of the full title: italic for a book, case or Act; roman inside single curly quotation marks for a journal article or working paper.
  • Works by a body or with no author may use the short title in place of the author, for example an italic report short title.
  • Judges named in a subsequent reference follow the new pinpoint in round brackets.
  • Subsequent references to UN documents and WTO documents follow rules 9.5 and 13.4 instead.

Examples

Quoted from the Guide, page 9
  1. 48
    Catharine MacMillan, Mistakes in Contract Law (Hart Publishing, 2010) 9.
  2. 50
    MacMillan (n 48) 41.
  3. 52
    Australian Law Reform Commission, Traditional Rights and Freedoms: Encroachments by Commonwealth Laws (Report No 129, December 2015) (‘Traditional Rights and Freedoms’).
  4. 53
    Penfolds Wines Pty Ltd v Elliott (1946) 74 CLR 204 (‘Penfolds Wines’).
  5. 55
    Traditional Rights and Freedoms (n 52) 209 [7.111].
  6. 56
    Penfolds Wines (n 53) 224 (Dixon J).
  7. 58
    Kim Rubenstein, ‘Meanings of Membership: Mary Gaudron’s Contributions to Australian Citizenship’ (2004) 15(4) Public Law Review 305 (‘Meanings of Membership’).
  8. 59
    Kim Rubenstein, Australian Citizenship Law in Context (Lawbook, 2002).
  9. 61
    Rubenstein, Australian Citizenship Law in Context (n 59) 48, 65–74.
  10. 62
    Rubenstein, ‘Meanings of Membership’ (n 58) 307–11.
  11. 63
    Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) (‘ADJR Act’).
  12. 65
    ADJR Act (n 63) s 5(2).

See also

Check your footnotes against these rules

Paste your paper into the free AGLC4 checker and each footnote is graded against the Guide, with the rule it breaks. To write a citation from scratch, use the AGLC4 citation generator.

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Formats, examples, passages, tables and the forms marked Not are quoted from the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th ed, Melbourne University Law Review Association, 2018), with the page of the Guide they appear on. Titles, summaries and explanations are our own.