AGLC4 Rule 1.5.7: Omitting Citations and Adding Emphasis
Where citations within quoted material are omitted, or words are italicised for emphasis, this is disclosed in parenthetical clauses at the end of the citation rather than in the quotation. The wording and order of the clauses are fixed by the table. Italicising a title under rule 1.8.2 does not count as adding emphasis.
AGLC4 page 21
Formatting
- Each clause is roman, lower case and in its own round brackets.
- Singular "emphasis" and plural "citations" are always used.
- Clauses follow the order of the table: the emphasis clause comes before (citations omitted).
- Clauses are separated from each other by one space.
- They sit after the pinpoint and any judges' names, and before a short title.
- The footnote's full stop follows the last clause.
Examples
Quoted from the Guide, page 21- 128Yanner v Eaton (1999) 201 CLR 351, 372 [37] (Gleeson CJ, Gaudron, Kirby and Hayne JJ) (emphasis in original) (citations omitted).
- 130GE Dal Pont, Lawyers’ Professional Responsibility (Lawbook, 6th ed, 2017) 141 [4.175] (emphasis added) (citations omitted).
In the text
The majority of the High Court noted:
It is sufficient to say that regulating the way in which rights and interests may be exercised is not inconsistent with their continued existence. 128
It may be that the client ‘lost the prospect of a favourable settlement’.130
Parenthetical clauses for emphasis and omitted citations, in the order they are used
Quoted from the Guide, page 21| Parenthetical Clause | Meaning |
|---|---|
| (emphasis in original) | The emphasis was in the original text and has not been changed. |
| (emphasis added) | There was no emphasis in the original text and emphasis has been added. |
| (emphasis altered) | The emphasis in the original text has been changed (ie emphasis has been both added and omitted). |
| (emphasis omitted) | The emphasis in the original text has been omitted. |
| (citations omitted) | The citations in the original text have been removed. |
See also
Check your footnotes against these rules
Paste your paper into the free AGLC4 checker and each footnote is graded against the Guide, with the rule it breaks. To write a citation from scratch, use the AGLC4 citation generator.
Formats, examples, passages, tables and the forms marked Not are quoted from the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th ed, Melbourne University Law Review Association, 2018), with the page of the Guide they appear on. Titles, summaries and explanations are our own.